How does DNA make proteins?

I just want to say that a friend of mine, Vincent, inspired this post. So, if you find it useful anyhow, you should really thank him.

Well first of all, DNA does not make proteins on its own.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule with the shape of a ladder in which the pegs are the nucleotides, which we can think of as letters, used to write words. Therefore, the DNA is a string of letters that acts as an instruction book to guide the process of protein making.

Let’s go about it step wise, and do not worry, it is going to be quick and painless.

Every cell in our body uses its DNA to produce all the proteins that a cell needs, to breath, to grow, to move in some cases, basically to survive and be happy.
The DNA is stored in the nucleus of the cells, while the proteins are produced outside the nucleus, in a part of the cell called, the cytoplasm.
To be pragmatic, think of an egg, the yolk is the nucleus while the egg white is the cytoplasm, we are on the same page, right?

DNA cannot exit the nucleus, sad!
To overcome this logistic problem, cells use another molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid), that can easily travel outside the nucleus.
The RNA is a copy of the DNA, but instead of being double-stranded, it is single stranded, like half of a ladder, if you cut it vertically. It is essentially a photocopy of the DNA that brings the info out of the nucleus. Imagine when you make a copy of a book with a printer (I realize this sound I bit old-fashion now, but this is how it was done back in the days).

Now, we have our copy of the instruction book, the RNA, that just travelled out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, great! The thing is, like for IKEA furniture, having the instructions is not enough, you need someone, or in this case something to build the proteins.

These construction workers are the ribosomes, they scan the RNA and transform the information given in the string of nucleotides, into a string of amino-acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
It is very simple, each triplet of nucleotides corresponds to one amino-acid, and the ribosomes know how to read the RNA, so there is no problem there.

After the ribosome is done reading RNA the result is a chain of amino-acids, also known as a PROTEIN!!!